1.The Earth Summit which was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil focused on _________.
(a) Terrorism
(b) Global Poverty
(c) Environmental issues
(d) Health epidemics
Ans:(c) Environmental issues.
2.The poor and developing countries of the third world are called as ___________.
(a) Global North
(b) Global East
(c) Global South
(d) Global West
Ans: (c) Global South
3.Why does mineral industry invite criticism and resistance in various parts of the globe?Give any one major reason.
Ans:
The mineral industry's extraction of earth, its use of chemicals, its pollution of waterways
and land etc, continue to invite criticism and resistance in various parts of the globe.
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4.Assess the role of democratic negotiations in responding to regional aspirations.
Ans:
5.What is the Kyoto Protocol?
Ans:
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries
to cut their greenhouse gas emissions. Certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydro-fluoro
carbons etc. are considered at least partly responsible for global warming - the rise in
global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. The protocol
was agreed to in 1997 in Kyoto in Japan, based on principles set out in UNFCCC.
6.How can we protect the rights of the indigenous people with regard to the environment ?
Ans:
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7.Why were developing countries exempted from the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol?
Ans:
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed that the largest
share of historical and current global emissions of greenhouse gases has originated in developed
countries.It was also acknowledged that per capita emissions in developing countries are
still relatively low. China, India, and other developing countries were, therefore, exempted
from the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol.
8. Mention the steps taken by the government of India to protect the environment.
Ans:
Following are the steps taken by the government of India to protect the environment:
9.What is meant by the term "geo-politics of natural resources" ?
Ans:
Resource geopolitics is all about who gets what, when, where and how. Resources have provided
some of the key means and motives of global European power expansion and they have also been
the focus of inter-state rivalry. Western geopolitical thinking about resources has been
dominated by the relationship of trade, war and power.
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10.What were the outcomes of the Rio Summit?
Ans:
11.Which among the following best explains the reason for growing concerns about the environment?
a.The developed countries are concerned about protecting nature.
b.Protection of the environment is vital for indigenous people and natural habitats.
c.The environmental degradation caused by human activities has become pervasive and has
reached a dangerous level.
d.None of the above.
Ans: c - The environmental degradation caused by human activities has become pervasive and has reached a dangerous level.
12. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements below that describe the Earth
Summit:
a. It was attended by 170 countries, thousands of NGOs and many MNCs.
b. The summit was held under the aegis of the UN.
c. For the first time, global environmental issues were firmly consolidated at the political
level.
d. It was a summit meeting.
Ans:
a - Correct
b - Wrong
c - Correct
d - Wrong
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13.Which among the following are TRUE about the global commons?
a. The Earth’s atmosphere, Antarctica, ocean floor and outer space are considered as part
of the global commons.
b. The global commons are outside sovereign jurisdiction.
c. The question of managing the global commons has reflected the North-South divide.
d. The countries of the North are more concerned about the protection of the global commons
than the countries of the South.
Ans:(a) - The Earth's atmosphere, Antarctica, ocean floor and outer space are considered as part of the global commons.
14. What is meant by the global commons? How are they exploited and polluted?
Ans:
There are some areas or regions of the world which are located outside the sovereign jurisdiction
of any one state, and therefore require common governance by the international community.
These are known as global commons.
Examples of global commons are earth's atmosphere, Antarctica , the ocean floor, and outer
space.
List on exploitation and pollution of global commons: