Q 1.What is meant by the term lock-out?
(Chapter 5: Change and development in industrial society)

Ans:
In a lock-out the management shuts the gate and prevents workers from coming.

Q 2.What is disinvestment ?
(Chapter 5 : Change and Development in Industrial Society)

Ans:
The government is trying to sell its share in several public sector companies, a process which is known as disinvestment. Many government workers are scared that after disinvestment, they will lose their jobs.

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Q 3.The Bombay Textile Strike of 1982 , was led by the trade union leader
(a) Kisan Salunke
(b) Dr Datta Samant
(c) Datta Iswalkar
(d) Jaiprakash Bhilare
(Chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society)

Ans: (b) Dr Datta Samant

Q 4.Clarify the meaning of “Industrialization”.
(Social Change and Development in India : chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society)

Ans:
Industrialisation involves a detailed division of labour. People often do not see the end result of their work because they are producing only one small part of a product.
Industrialisation leads to greater equality, at least in some spheres. For example, caste distinctions do not matter any more on trains, buses or in cyber cafes.
While the early sociologists saw industrialisation as both positive and negative, by the mid 20th century, under the influence of modernisation theory, industrialisation came to be seen as inevitable and positive.

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Q 5.Give the examples of some works which are performed in homes.What is their economic importance?
(Social Change and Development in India : chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society)

Ans:

• Home-based work is an important part of the economy.
• Works like manufacture of lace, zari or brocade, carpets, bidis, agarbattis and many such product.They are mostly done by women and children.
• An agent provides raw materials and also picks up the finished product. Home workers are paid on a piece-rate basis, depending on the number of pieces they make.

Q 6.What are the consequences of "outsourcing"?
(Social Change and Development in india chapter 5 : change and development in industrial society)

Ans:

• Low wages
• Poor working conditions
• Permanent employees are reduced
• Difficult for trade unions to organise in smaller firms

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Q 7.Why both Marx and Mahatma Gandhi saw mechanisation as a danger to employment?
(Social Change and Development in India Chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society)

Ans:
The basic task of a manager is to control workers and get more work out of them. There are two main ways of making workers produce more. One is to extend the working hours. The other is to increase the amount that is produced within a given time period. Machinery helps to increase production, but it also creates the danger that eventually machines will replace workers. That is why both Marx and Mahatma Gandhi saw mechanisation as a danger to employment.

Q 8.What do you understand by Disinvestment?
(Social Change and Development in India chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society)

Ans:

• The government is trying to sell its share in several public sector companies, a process which is known as disinvestment.
• Many government workers are scared that after disinvestment, they will lose their jobs.
• An example of disinvestment is Modern Foods company, which was set up by the government to make healthy bread available at cheap prices, and which was the first company to be privatised, 60% of the workers were forced to retire in the first five years.