Q 1.State the meaning of the term social exclusion?
Ans:
Social exclusion refers to ways in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement
in the wider society. It focuses attention on a broad range of factors that prevent individuals
or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population.
Q 2.What are prejudices ?
Ans:
Prejudices refer to preconceived opinions or attitudes held by members of one group towards
another. The word literally means "pre-judgement", that is, an opinion formed in advance
of any familiarity with the subject, before considering any available evidence.
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Q 3) The ways in which individuals may become cut-off from full involvement in the wider society
is known as
(a) Social inclusion
(b) Social inequality
(c) Social exclusion
(d) Social stratification
Ans:(c ) Social exclusion
Q 4. Explain any two dimensions of untouchability.
Ans:
Exclusion: untouchables are most go through extreme form of exclusions like being prohibited
from sharing drinking water sources or participating in collective religious worship, social
ceremonies and festivals.
Humiliation-subordination:
Q 5. Explain the term social exclusion.
Ans:
Social exclusion refers to ways in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement
in the wider society.It focuses attention on a broad range of factors that prevent individuals
or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population.
Social exclusion is not accidental but systematic - it is the result of structural features
of society.
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Q 6. Explain the three key principles of social stratification.
Ans:
Three key principles that helps explain social stratification are :
(a)
Social stratification is a characteristic of society, not simply a function of individual
differences
.Social stratification is a society-wide system that unequally distributed social resources
among categories of people.With basic technologically little was produced so only simple
social stratification could exist.And with advanced technology people produce a surplus over
and above their basic needs,but social resources are unequally distributed to various social
categories regardless of people's innate individual abilities.
(b)
Social stratification persists over generations. It is linked to the family and the inheritance
of social resources passed from one generation to the next.The occupational opportunities
are decided based on the caste system an individual is born in.For example a dalit is likely
to be confined to traditional occupations such as agricultural labour, scavenging, or leather
work, with little chance of being able to get high-paying white-collar or professional work.
Marriage is usually restricted to members of the same caste, ruling out inter-caste marriages.
(c)
Social stratification is supported by patterns of belief, or ideology.No system of social
stratification is likely to persist over generations unless it is widely viewed as being
either fair or inevitable.The caste system, for example, is justified in terms of the opposition
of purity and pollution, with the Brahmins designated as the most superior and Dalits as
the most inferior by virtue of their birth and occupation. People with the greatest social
privileges express the strongest support for systems of stratification such as caste and
race.
Q 7) Explain the struggles of the differently abled.
Ans:
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Q 8. Analyse the state and non-state initiatives addressing caste and tribe discrimination.
Ans:
Q 9.Illustrate the correlation between disability and poverty.
Ans:
There is a close relationship between disability and poverty.
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Q 10.State the meaning of the term "Social" in the phrase Social Inequality and Exclusion.
Ans: