1.Define institution.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: An institution is something that works according to rules established or at least acknowledged by law or by custom.Institutions impose constraints on individuals. They also provide him/her with opportunities.

2.Explain functional view of social institution.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans:

• A functionalist view understands social institutions as a complex set of social norms, beliefs, values and role relationships that arise in response to the needs of society.
• Social institutions exist to satisfy social needs. And based on that we find informal and formal social institutions in societies.
• Institutions such as family and religion are examples of informal social institutions while law and (formal) education are formal social institutions.

3.Explain conflict view of social institution.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans:

• A conflict view holds that all individuals are not placed equally in society.
• All social institutions whether familial, religious, political, economic, legal or educational will operate in the interest of the dominant sections of society be it class, caste, tribe or gender.
• The dominant social section not only dominates political and economic institutions but also ensures that the ruling class ideas become the ruling ideas of a society.

4.What is Monogamy ?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Monogamy restricts the individual to one spouse at a time. Under this system, at any given time a man can have only one wife and a woman can have only one husband.

5.What is serial monogamy ?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: In many societies, individuals are permitted to marry again, often on the death of the first spouse or after divorce. But they cannot have more than one spouse at one and the same time. Such a monogamous marriage is termed serial monogamy.

6.What is Polygamy ?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Polygamy denotes marriage to more than one mate at one time.

7.What is Polygyny ?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Polygyny in case where one husband with two or more wives.

8.What is Polyandry?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Polyandry one wife with two or more husbands.

9. Functionalism believes that social institutions arise in response to ________.
a) conflict between people
b) discrimination
c) needs of the society
d) inequality in society
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: c) needs of the society.

10. __________________is the concept of investment, which is about investing capital to make more goods, which in turn creates more profit, which in turn creates more capital.
a) Westernization
b) Sanskritization
c) Industrialization
d) Capitalism
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: d) Capitalism.

11. Political debates, _________________and gender norms will always influence religious behaviour.
a) Economic situations
b) Cultural situations
c) Social situations
d) All the above
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) Economic situations

12. Religious norms influence and sometimes even determine ______________________.
a) Political understanding
b) Social understanding
c) Cultural understanding
d) All of the above
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: b. Social understanding

13. Religion is considered as: __________
a) Profane
b) A belief
c) Sacred
d) Custom
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: c) Sacred

14. The undisputed political rule of a state over a given territorial region is known as:
a) Sovereignty
b) Democracy
c) Monarchy
d) Bureaucracy
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) Sovereignty

15. Monogamy form of marriage restricts the individual to______________________.
a) One spouse at a time
b) Two spouse at a time
c) Three spouse at a time
d) Four spouse at a time
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) One spouse at a time

16. The family of birth is called family of ____________.
a) Orientation
b) Procreation
c) Family of differences
d) None of these
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) Orientation

17. No other social institutions appear more universal and in changing form as______________________.
a) Kinship
b) Family
c) Marriage
d) None of these
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: b) Family

18. Explain concept of authority.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Authority is that form of power, which is accepted as legitimate, that is, as right and just. It is institutionalised because it is based on legitimacy. People in general accept the power of those in authority as they consider their control to be fair and justified. Often ideologies exist that help this process of legitimation.

19.What is kinship?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Kinship ties are connections between individuals, established either through marriage or through the lines of descent that connect blood relatives (mothers, fathers, siblings, offspring, etc.)

20. ____________ allows a man to have only one spouse at a given time.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Monogamy

21.The existing divide between the elite and the masses in intensified by the _____________ system.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: schooling

22.The dominant social section not only dominates ____________ institutions and _______________ institutions but also ensures that the ruling ideology become the ruling ideas of society.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: political and economic

23. A sociologist _____________ remarks that in post-independent India, the joint family has steadily increased.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: A.M. Shah

24. The rule of _______________ requires an individual to marry within a culturally defined group.
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Endogamy

25.Identify the structure of the family where men exercise authority and dominance.
a) Patriarchy
b) Matriarchy
c) Polygamy
d) Patrilineal
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) Patriarchy

26. The reason for the sudden decline in sex ratio can be attributed to ____________.
a) Female foeticide
b) Life expectancy rate
c) Son preference
d) Maternal mortality rate
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) Female foeticide

27. The socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between two individuals is known as __________.
a) Family
b) Marriage
c) Kinship
d) Procreation
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: b) Marriage

28. Who wrote the pioneering work 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'?
a) Karl Marx
b) Anthony Giddens
c) Max Weber
d) Emile Durkheim
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: c) Max Weber

29. The form of power considered legitimate is _________.
a) Authority
b) Political Party
c) Welfare State
d) Sovereignty
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: a) Authority

30. What do you understand by the term social institutions?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: Social institutions is a complex set of social norms, beliefs, values and role relationship that arise in response to the needs of society.Social institutions exist to satisfy social needs.

31. What is family?
(Chapter 3 : Understanding social institutions)

Ans: