1.Who is considered to be the founder of Sociology?
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Auguste Comte
(c) Max Weber
(d) Emile Durkheim
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans: b) Auguste Comte

2.The central concern of sociology is to study:
(a) Individuals
(b) Groups
(c) Society
(d) Human beings
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans: c) Society

3.Who gave the name sociology to the scientific study of society?
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans: Auguste Comte

4.Name the best known social anthropologist in India.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans: M.N. Srinivas

5.What do you understand by the concept of Anthropology?
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Social anthropology is deemed to be the study of simple societies.
• Social anthropology in India study of peasants, ethnic groups, social classes, aspects and features of ancient civilisations, and modern industrial societies.
• Social anthropology was characterised by long field work tradition, living in the community studied and using ethnographic research methods.
• It had been feared that with the decline of simple societies, social anthropology would lose its specificity and merge with sociology.

6.Explain the growth of sociology in Europe.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• European society was undergoing tumultuous changes in the 18th and 19th centuries with the advent of capitalism and industrialisation.
• Urbanisation or factory production are pertinent to all modern societies, even though their specific features may vary.
• There was also great advancement of scientific knowledge and a growing conviction that the methods of the natural sciences should and could be extended to the study of human affairs.
• For example poverty, so far seen as a 'natural phenomena', began to be seen as a 'social problem' caused by human ignorance or exploitation.

7.Describe the growth of sociology in India.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Colonialism was an essential part of modern capitalism and industrialisation that is important for the understanding social change in India.
• Sociology in India also had to deal with western writings and ideas about Indian society that are not always correct.
• These ideas were expressed both in the accounts of colonial officials as well western scholars.
• Indian society was a contrast to western society.
• Social anthropology in India moved gradually from a preoccupation with the study of ‘primitive people’ to the study of peasants, ethnic groups, social classes, aspects and features of ancient civilisations, and modern industrial societies.
• No rigid divide exists between sociology and social anthropology in India a characteristic feature of the two subjects in many western countries.

8.Define Sociology.
OR
What is Sociology?
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Sociology is the study of all aspects of society
• Sociology is the study of human social life.
• Sociology is a systematic study of society, distinct from philosophical and religious reflections, as well as our everyday common sense observation about society.

9.Define Society.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:
Society is the name given to social relationship by which every human being is interconnected with individuals living in the community.

10.Explain the pluralities and inequalities among societies.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• In the contemporary world we belong to more than one 'society'.
• Among foreigners are society is termed as Indian society.Among Indian our society is referred to a linguistic or ethnic community, a religious or caste or tribal society.
• Inequality is central to differences among societies.
• Inequality is seen with food,education,shelter, political influence and also with opportunities for advancement in life.Some are treated with respect by the police; others are treated like dirt. These are different kinds of inequality, and each of them requires serious attention.

11. What is the view of Darwin about society?
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:
Darwin's ideas about organic evolution were a dominant influence on early sociological thought. Society was often compared with living organisms and efforts were made to trace its growth through stages comparable to those of organic life.

12. Mention few interrelationship of sociology with social anthropology.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Social anthropology developed as the study of simple, non-European societies, while sociology was concerned with complex modern societies.
• Modernity and global processes have impacted even the most remote villages, blurring the distinction between simple and complex societies. Both disciplines now study societies affected by global changes.
• Social anthropology traditionally studied simple societies as wholes, focusing on all aspects. Sociologists often specialized in areas like bureaucracy, religion, caste, or social mobility.
• Social anthropology relies on long-term fieldwork, living within the studied community, and using ethnographic methods. Sociologists often use survey methods, quantitative data, statistics, and questionnaires.

13. Mention few interrelationship of Sociology and History.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Historians typically study the past, while sociologists are more concerned with the contemporary or recent past. However, historians are now incorporating sociological methods and concepts into their analyses.
• Historians aim to delineate actual events and how they occurred, focusing on concrete details. In contrast, sociologists seek to establish causal relationships, often abstracting from concrete reality to categorize and generalize.
• Traditional history often centered on kings, wars, and monarchy, while sociologists focused on less glamorous topics like changes in land and gender relations within families. Today, history has become more sociological, delving into social patterns, gender relations, customs, and important institutions beyond rulers and wars. Social history is now a significant part of historical research.

14. Mention few interrelationship of Sociology and Psychology.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Social psychology acts as a bridge between psychology and sociology, maintaining an interest in the individual but examining how individuals behave in social groups and interact collectively.
• Sociology seeks to understand behavior as it is organized within society, emphasizing the influence of various societal aspects such as the economic and political system, family and kinship structures, culture, norms, and values.

15. Mention few interrelationship of Sociology and Political Science.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Political science traditionally concentrated on political theory and government administration, often lacking an in-depth examination of political behavior. Political theory covered ideas about government, while administration focused on the formal structure of government.
• Sociology, on the other hand, studies all aspects of society, emphasizing the interrelationships among different institutions, including government. Sociology takes a broader societal perspective.

16. Mention few interrelationship of Sociology and Economics.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Traditional economics primarily focused on the allocation of scarce goods and services within a society, emphasizing the interrelations of pure economic variables. However, economists influenced by political economy consider broader ownership and means of production in their analysis.
• Sociology looks at economic behavior within a wider social context, considering social norms, values, practices, and interests. It explores how these factors influence economic activity, such as lifestyle and consumption patterns.

17. Who is known as the father of sociology?
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans: Auguste Comte

17. What is sociology? Show the relation of its with other branches of social science anthropology , history and psychology.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:
Sociology is the scientific study of society, human behavior, and social interactions. It seeks to understand the structure and dynamics of societies, the roles and interactions of individuals within those societies, and the various factors that shape social life.

Sociology and Anthropology:

• Sociology and cultural anthropology both study human societies, but they differ in focus. Sociology primarily examines modern and industrial societies, while anthropology often focuses on non-industrial or traditional societies.
• Both fields share an interest in social institutions, cultures, and social norms, but sociology tends to emphasize social structures and social change, while cultural anthropology concentrates on the detailed study of cultures and societies.

Sociology and History

• Sociology and history both examine the past, but they do so from different angles. History focuses on recording and analyzing historical events and their contexts, while sociology is more concerned with understanding the social forces, institutions, and structures that have shaped these events.
• Sociological analysis often complements historical research by providing a broader societal context for historical events. It can help historians understand the social, economic, and cultural factors influencing historical developments.

Sociology and Psychology:

• Sociology and psychology both study human behavior, but they do so from different perspectives. Psychology explores individual behavior, thoughts, and emotions, whereas sociology examines group behavior, social structures, and the impact of society on individuals.
• Social psychology serves as a bridge between sociology and psychology, focusing on how individuals interact within social groups and how societal factors influence behavior.

18. What do you understand by Sociology?Discuss Sociology as a scientific discipline.
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans:

• Sociology is a comprehensive study of the whole society.
• Sociology is a science because it uses scientific methods to collect facts related to problems and explains 'What is', 'Why' and 'How' of the social relationships.

19. What is the view of Darwin about society?
(Chapter 1: Sociology and Society)

Ans: Charles Darwin's ideas about organic evolution were dominant influence on early sociological thought. Society was oftten compared with living organisms and efforts were made to trace its growth through stages comparable to those of organic life.