1. Who remained at the University of Calcutta from 1917 to 1932.
a) Rao Bahadur
b) Dewan Bahadur
c) Ananthakrishna Iyer
d) Jyotibha Phule
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: c) Ananthakrishna Iyer

2. One of the earliest and best known pioneers of social anthropology in India was _______________.
a) L.K. Ananthakrishna Iyer
b) M.N. Srinivas
c) A.R. Desai
d) None of the above
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: a) L.K. Ananthakrishna Iyer

2. Out of the earlier Indian sociologists considered as the founder of institutionalized sociology in India is: _____________.
a) G.S. Ghurye
b) A.R. Desai
c) D.P. Mukerji
d) M.N. Srinivas
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: a) G.S. Ghurye

3. Herbert Risley was a ______________.
a) British colonial official
b) French colonial official
c) Dutch colonial official
d) Portuguese colonial official
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: a) British colonial official

4. ______________ wrote on 'Caste and Race' in India.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: G.S. Ghurye

5. _____________ thought that humans can be divided into separate races on the basis of physical characteristics.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: Herbert Risley

6. G.S Ghurye characterised tribes of India as .................... rather than as distinct cultural groups.
a) Backward Class
b) Backward Caste
c) Backward Hindus
d) Backward Tribe
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: c) Backward Hindus

7. The _________ believed that assimilation of tribes would result in the severe exploitation and cultural extinction of the tribals.
a) Nationalists
b) Protectionists
c) Integrationsists
d) Evolutionists
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: b) Protectionists

8. Caste 'endogamy' is marriage only ___________ the caste.
a) outside
b) within
c) across
d) intercaste
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: b) within

9. D.P. Mukherjee believed that there were three principles of change recognised in Indian traditions, namely; ___________.
a) shruti, smriti and anubhava
b) shruti, kriti, and anubhava
c) mriti, smriti and Anubhav
d) None of the above
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: a) shruti, smriti and anubhava

10. A _____________ is an economy where both private capitalist enterprises and state or publicly owned enterprises co-exist.
a) Private economy
b) Public Economy
c) Mixed Economy
d) Decentralised Economy
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: c) Mixed Economy

11. The branch of anthropology that studied human racial types by measuring the human body, particularly the volume of the cranium (skull), the circumference of the head, and the length of the nose is ______________.
a) Biology
b) Sociology
c) Botany
d) Anthropometry
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: d) Anthropometry

12. A welfare state does not seek to eliminate the ___________ market.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: capitalist

13. Sufis have stressed on _____________ and _____________ rather than holy texts and have been important in bringing about change.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: love and experience

14.Mention any two chief characteristic of caste system given by G.S.Ghurye.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: G. S. Ghurye's study on caste

• Caste is an institution based on segmental division. This means that caste is divided into a number of closed, mutually exclusive segments or compartments. A person's caste is decided by birth at birth; it can neither be avoided nor changed.
• Caste is based on hierarchical division. Each caste is strictly unequal to every other caste, that is, every caste is either higher or ower than every other one. In theory (though not in practice), no two castes are ever equal.
• The institution of caste necessarily interaction, specially the sharing of food. There are elaborate rules prescribing what kind of food may be shared between which groups.
• Following from the principles of hierarchy and restricted social interaction, caste also involves differential rights and duties for different castes. These rights and duties pertain not only to religious practices but extend to the secular world.
• Caste restricts the choice of occupation, which, like caste itself, is decided by birth and is hereditary.
• Caste involves strict restrictions on marriage. Caste 'endogamy', or marriage only within the caste, is often accompanied by rules about 'exogamy', or whom one may not marry

15. Give a brief bio sketch of Sarat Chandra Roy.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans:

• Sarat Chandra Roy was a lawyer with also also a graduate and postgraduate degrees in English.
• In 1898 along with practicing law, he also decided to go to Ranchi to take up a job as an English teacher at a Christian missionary school
• He remained in Ranchi for almost 44yrs, and during this time he became the leading authority on the culture and society of the tribal peoples of the Chhotanagpur region (present day Jharkhand).
• Roy's interest in anthropological matters began when he gave up his school job and began practising law at the Ranchi courts, eventually being appointed as official interpreter in the court
• During his entire career, Roy published more than one hundred articles in leading Indian and British academic journals in addition to his famous monographs on the Oraon, the Mundas and the Kharias.
• Roy soon became very well known amongst anthropologists in India and Britain and was recognised as an authority on Chhotanagpur.
• He founded the journal Man in India in 1922, the earliest journal of its kind in India that is still published.

16.Explain in detail the debate between protectionists and nationalists on tribal culture.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans:

Protectionist

• British anthropologist were interested in studying the tribal culture of India.
• They believe that assimilation of tribal culture with main stream Hinduism will lead to exploitation of tribal people by Hindus and thus their culture should be protected and preserved.

Nationalist

• Believe in unity of India and the need for modernizing Indian society and culture.
• They believe that attempt to preserve tribal culture were misguided and resulted in maintaining tribal's in a backward state.

17.
(Chapter 5: Understanding Society - Indian Sociologists)

Ans: