1.Who conceptualised the Hierarchy of Needs?
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans:Abraham H. Maslow

2.Lata Mangeshkar is an accomplished singer in the Indian cinema. Name the need which best represents this case in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: self-actualisation

3. Simultaneous existence of multiple wishes and needs characterise _______________.
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: conflict

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4.Name the six universal emotions proposed by Darwin.
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans:joy, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and surprise.

5.__________ is a condition that an individual develops in case of failure to adopt an appropriate ego defense.
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: Anxiety.

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6.State any four key points in anger management.
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: Following are the key points in anger management:

• Recognise the power of your thoughts.
• Realise you alone can control it.
• Do not engage in "self-talk that burns". Do not magnify negative feelings.
• Resist having irrational beliefs about people and events.

7. Explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans:
Maslow has portrait human needs in the form of an hierarychy.Following are the details of his hierarchy:

• Physiological needs:Maslow's model is like a pyramid in which the bottom of this hierarchy represents basic physiological or biological needs which are basic to survival such as hunger, thirst, etc.
• Safety needs:Only when these needs are met, the need to be free from threatened danger arises. This refers to the safety needs of physical and psychological nature.
• Belongingness needs:Next comes the need to seek out other people, for love and to be loved.
• Esteem needs:Next, the individual strives for esteem, i.e. the need to develop a sense of self-worth.
• Selfactualisation needs:The next higher need in the hierarchy reflects an individual’s motive towards the fullest development of potential, i.e. self-actualisation. A self-actualised person is self-aware, socially responsive, creative, spontaneous, open to novelty, and challenge.

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8. Analyse how "Relaxation" is useful to manage examination anxiety.
(Chapter 9 : Motivation and Emotion)

Ans:
Relaxation techniques help you calm your nerves and give you an opportunity to reframe your thoughts. There are many different relaxation techniques. In general, this involves sitting or lying down in a comfortable posture in a quiet place, relaxing your muscles, reducing the external stimulation as well as minimising the flow of thoughts and focusing.

9. Analyse Cannon Bard's theory of emotions.
(Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion)

Ans:

• The Cannon-Bard theory claims that the entire process of emotion is mediated by thalamus which after perception of the emotion-provoking stimulus, conveys this information simultaneously to the cerebral cortex and to the skeletal muscles and sympathetic nervous system.
• The cerebral cortex then determines the nature of the perceived stimulus by referring to past experiences.
• This determines the subjective experience of the emotion. At the same time the sympathetic nervous system and the muscles provide physiological arousal and prepare the individual to take action.

10. What is the meaning of the term motivation?
(Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: The term motivation is derived from the Latin word "movere", referring to movement of activity. The process of persistent behaviour directed towards a specific goal, which results from certain driving forces, is called motivation.

11. What is the need for affiliation ?
(Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: Need for affiliation is aroused when individuals feel threatened or helpless and also when they are happy. People high on this need are motivated to seek the company of others and to maintain friendly relationships with other people.

12. Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer have proposed a two-factor theory of emotions in which one factor is physical arousal and and the second one is cognitive label. (True/False).
(Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion)

Ans:True

13.The Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion arousal deals with the __________.
a) Corpus callosum
b) Thalamus and Hypothalamus
c) Adrenal Cortex
d) All the above
(Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion)

Ans: b) Thalamus and Hypothalamus