1.In terms of helping solve an important social problem such as discrimination , the branch of psychology which is most suitable is______________.
(a) Educational
(b) Clinical
(c) Social
(d) Industrial
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans: (c) Social

2.The introspective report in an experiment is given by____________ .
(a) Experimenter
(b) Subject
(c) Both the experimenter and subject
(d) None of the above
(Chapter 1 - What is Psychology?)

Ans: (b) Subject

3.State four points to show the relationship between mind and behaviour.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:
Following are the points which shows the relationship between mind and behaviour:

• Using positive visualisation techniques and feeling positive emotions, one can bring about significant changes in bodily processes.
• Use of mental imagery, i.e. images generated by a person in her/his mind, have been used to cure various kinds of phobias.
• A new discipline called Psychoneuroimmunology has emerged which emphasises the role played by the mind in strengthening the immune system.
• One example which shows mind behaviour relationship is a person with blocked arteries was made to visualise that blood was flowing through her/ his blocked arteries. After practicing this over a period of time, significant relief was obtained by these patients as the degree of blockage became significantly less.

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4.Explain the relationship of Psychology with Music and Fine arts.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:
Following are the points that explains relationship between Music and Fine arts:

• Scientists have made use of music in raising work performance.
• Music and emotions is another area in which a number of studies have been carried out.
• Musicians in India have recently started experimenting with what they call "Music Therapy".
• In this they use different "Ragas" for curing certain physical ailments.

5.Discuss how Psychology is related to Medicine.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:
Following points shows that Psychology is related to Medicine:

• Doctors have realised that a healthy body requires a healthy mind.A successful doctor looks at the psychological as well as physical well-being of the patients.
• A large number of hospitals now employ psychologists.
• The role of psychologists is to prevent patients from engaging in health hazardous behaviours and in adhering to the prescribed doctor's regimen are some of the important areas where the two disciplines have come together.
• Doctors felt the need of psychological counselling while treating patients suffering from cancer, AIDS, and the physically challenged, or handling patients in the Intensive Care Unit, and patients during post operative care

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6.Explain the three terms used in the definition of psychology.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:
Psychology is defined formally as a science which studies mental processes, experiences and behaviour in different contexts.
Mental Processes:We use our mental processes when we think or try to solve a problem, to know or remember something.Mental processes, such as remembering, learning, knowing, perceiving, feeling are of interest to psychologists.They study these processes trying to understand how the mind works and to help us improve the uses and applications of these mental capacities.
Experiences:Psychologists also study experiences of people.Psychologists have focused on the experiences of pain being undergone by terminally ill patients or of psychological pain felt in bereavement, besides experiences which lead to positive feelings, such as in romantic encounters. Experiences are influenced by internal and external conditions of the experiencer. If you are travelling in a crowded bus during a hot summer day, you may not experience the usual discomfort if you are going for a picnic with some close friends. Thus, the nature of experience can only be understood by analysing a complex set of internal and external conditions.
Behaviour: are responses or reactions we make or activities we engage in. Behaviours may be simple or complex, short or enduring. Some behaviours are overt. They can be outwardly seen or sensed by an observer. Some are internal or covert.Psychologists study behaviour as an association between stimulus (S) and response (R). Both stimulus and response can be internal or external.

7.Describe the role of clinical psychologists.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:
A clinical psychologist has a degree in psychology, which includes intensive training in treating people with psychological disorders.
Clinical Psychologist has following role to play:

• Clinical psychologists specialise in helping clients with behavioural problems by providing therapy for various mental disorders and in cases of anxiety or fear, or with stress at home or at work.
• They work either as private practitioners or at hospitals, mental institutions, or with social agencies.
• They may be involved in conducting interviews and administering psychological tests to diagnose the client's problems, and use psychological methods for their treatment and rehabilitation.
• Job opportunities in clinical psychology attract quite a few to this field of psychology.

8.Describe the role of Counselling psychologists.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:

• Counselling psychologists work with persons who suffer from motivational and emotional problems.
• The problems of their clients are less serious than those of the clinical psychologists.
• A counselling psychologist may be involved in vocational rehabilitation programmes, or helping persons in making professional choices or in adjusting to new and difficult situations of life.
• Counselling psychologists work for public agencies such as mental health centres, hospitals, schools, colleges and universities.

9. Describe the role of Community psychologists.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans:

• Community psychologists generally focus on problems related to community mental health.
• They work for mental health agencies, private organisations and state governments.
• They help the community and its institutions in addressing physical and mental health problems.
• In rural areas they may work to establish a mental health centre and in urban areas they may design a drug rehabilitation programme.
• Many community psychologists also work with special populations such as the elderly or the physically or mentally challenged.
• Community based rehabilitation (CBR) is of major interest to community psychologists.

10.Write short note on Organisational psychologists
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans: Organisational psychologists render valuable help in dealing with problems that the executives and employees of an organisation tend to face in their respective roles. They provide organisations with consultancy services and organise skill training programmes in order to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness. Some organisational psychologists specialise in Human Resource Development (HRD), while others in Organisational Development and Change Management programmes.

11.Identify the correct sequence of the stages of evolution of Psychology.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)
a) Constructivism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviourism& Introspection
b) Structuralism, Gestalt psychology, Behaviourism& Psychoanalysis
c) Introspection, Humanistic approach, Functionalism & Cognitive perspective
d) Constructivism, Structuralism, Behaviourism& Functionalism

Ans: b) Structuralism, Gestalt psychology, Behaviourism& Psychoanalysis

12. Mention any TWO functions of educational psychologist?

Ans:
Following are the two functions of educational psychology
a) Primarily help develop instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings.
b) They are also concerned with research on issues of relevance for education, counselling and learning problems.

13.Differentiate between psychologist and a psychiatrist.

Ans:

14.Explain the application of psychology in daily life.

Ans: Application of psychology in daily life

• Psychology is a a subject that can offer solutions to a variety of problems. These may range from purely personal to those that may be rooted within the family set up or in a larger group or community setting or may have national or international dimensions.
• Psychology can provide help with problems related to education, health, environment, social justice, women development, intergroup relations, etc.
• Psychologists now play an active role in designing and executing intervention programmes in order to provide people with a better quality of life.You will find psychologists working in diverse settings such as schools, hospitals, industries, prisons, business organisations, military establishments, and in private practice as consultants helping people solve problems in their respective settings.
• You can use psychological principles in a positive manner to develop good habits of study for improving your learning and memory, and for solving your personal and interpersonal problems by using appropriate decisionmaking strategies.

15.____________ established the first Psychology laboratory in Leipzig university in Germany during the year 1879.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans: Wilhelm Wundt

16.____________ is the study of soul and mind.
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans: Psychology

17.The concept of mind is back to the psychology due to the work done by Sperry and Penrose. (True/False)
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans: True

18. What is constructivism ?
(Chapter 1: What is Psychology)

Ans: Modern cognitive psychology views human beings as actively constructing their minds through their exploration into the physical and the social world. This view is sometimes called constructivism.